From India with Love for Internal Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

From India with Love for Internal Medicine My early years were spent in a small farm in India. My parents had never been to school but were a source of inspiration to me and inculcated a sense of hard work and discipline. I studied in one of the most prestigious schools in the country and spent most of my life in boarding school. On the basis of my academic performance, the government of India sent me to USSR for medical studies .The respect in society; sacrifice of a doctor and making a contribution to the world has inspired me to become a doctor. Medical school was an exciting, challenging and enjoyable with exchange of cultural experiences while studying with students of 25 different countries. I stood first in the university and was awarded M.D. degree with Honors. I was selected as "The best graduating student" for 1996. With hard work I was able to get distinctions in all the subjects. During Internship I was awarded a certificate of appreciation by Minster of health for services rendered during a community project on prevention of cardio-vascular disease. Break up of USSR was a difficult time for all but in this period of adversity I developed remarkable resilience and maturity. Spending 9 months in U.K. and observing the British medical system and having traveled all over Europe and Scandinavia has enhanced my communication skills. Sports and being a captain of volleyball team and the president in school has taught me mind and body control, the need for careful planning and how to both rely on team members and to get the best of myself. In medical school I found that hard work was not a burden but a pleasure. I felt at home in the hospital. After school hours I would go to district hospital, Odessa and work in accident and emergency department. I keenly participated in medical conferences throughout medical school to know more about the ever-changing medicine. I believe I can weather both the mental and physical challenges and that my avocations of weight lifting and long distance running will give me the stamina for the common night shifts in residency.

Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst

Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst Amrit Johal, 301102319 FPA 111: D109 (Anna-Marie) Research Essay, Fall 2010 Max Ernst, an inventive artist and one of the pioneers of the Surrealist movement, was able to project the ideas of Surrealism to his audience in a very efficient manner. Surrealism is a discipline, which allows one to think like a child and create art that brings you to a dream-like state.Ernst was able to accomplish this by creating images one can only imagine seeing in a dream, such as his ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. As well as by piecing things together which would not typically be put together (collages), such as his Oedipus Rex. Ernst’s work, Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937), are crucial works of art for the Surrealist movement and  inaugurated many of the important characteristics associated with Surrealist art. Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that emerged in 1924 in the hand s of Andre Breton.Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility. Breton defines Surrealism as a â€Å"psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express – verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner – the actual reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). It is meant to bring the viewer to a dream like state, where a sense of freedom can be achieved, as it would in childhood.Breton said that â€Å"the mind which plunges into Surrealism relives with glowing excitement the best part of its childhood†¦[it is] childhood where everything nevertheless conspires to bring about the effective, risk-free possession of oneself† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). He says that it is Surrealism that gives you a second chance to be like a child, it is another opportunity. Although Surrealism, in a s ense, emerged from Dada, the two practices are different in many ways. Dada took an anti-art stance, avoiding repetition and therefore the creation of a style.Although it did not seek a common style, Surrealism, however, had none of the nihilism of the earlier movement but was concerned with a redefinition of painting, with transgression rather than proscription (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 11). Crevel describes Surrealism beautifully as being â€Å"for the mind a truly magnificent and almost unhoped for victory, to possess [a] new liberty, [a] leaping of the imagination [†¦] smashing the bars of reason’s cage, and bird that it is, obedient to the voice of the wind† (Crevel in Spalding, 1979, pg. 28).For Ernst, â€Å"the fundamental opposition between meditation and action coincides with the fundamental separation between the outer and inner worlds† (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). It is here, Ernst believes, that the universal significance of Surr ealism lies, and that no part in life is closed to it (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). Ernst’s art showcased his fascination with Surrealism through his many great works of art including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer. Max Ernst Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet.A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. He was born in Bruhl, Germany. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned these courses to pursue his interest in art. In 1913 he met Guillaume Apollinaire and Robert Delaunay and traveled to the Montparnasse Quarter in Paris, France where a gathering of artists from around the globe was taking place. In 1919 he visited Paul Klee and created his first paintings, block prints and collages, and experimented with mixed media.During World War I he served in the German army and after the war, filled with new ideas, Max Ernst, Jean Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald, formed the Cologne, Germany Dada group. Constantly experimenting, in 1925 he invented frottage, a technique using pencil rubbings of objects. Following the outbreak of World War II, Max Ernst was detained as an enemy alien but with the assistance of the American journalist Varian Fry in Marseille, he managed to escape the country with Peggy Guggenheim. They arrived in the United States in 1941.Living in New York City, along with Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall, fellow avant-garde painters who had fled the War in Europe, Max Ernst helped inspire the use of Abstract expressionism among American painters (Camfield, 1993). Ernst turned away from the idea of the artist as creator as well as from the myth of ‘artistic talent. ’ For Ernst, the artist is only indirectly responsible for the creation of the work of art: â€Å"The old view of ‘talent’ [†¦] has been thrown out, just as the adoration of the hero [â₠¬ ¦] has been thrown out† (Spies, 2006, pg. 27). A sense of humor permeates his canvases and collages, none more so than in his renditions of natural phenomena. Interested in plants and in their life cycles, he permits his sense of the mythical to prevail. Trees gods, spirits and fantastic animals are everywhere in his canvases†(Stern, 2009).Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex was one of Ernst’s first paintings in which he was able to successfully transfer the techniques of combination, assemblage and collage to large-scale painting. The picture is given the impression of a collage by the use of hard outlines and the dry appearance of the paint (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 3). Gimferrer notes that Ernst was able to expound the conception, mechanics and techniques of collage. His collages were able to sustain the principle of the union of two dissociated situations in the strictly Dadaist or Surrealist manner. This technique seems to stem from Max Ernst and is â€Å"applied to the ve ry nucleus of consciousness [and] to the notion of personal identity† (Gimferrer, 1983, pg. 5-6). The spatial situation of Oedipus Rex is, to some extent, unclear due to the initial context of the picture. Here objects differing in scale are arranged in a setting indicated by architectonic elements.A device for marking chicks is pierced through a hand extended through a window and through the nut it is holding. The nut, which has been cracked open, resembles an eye, bringing to mind Luis Bunuel’s film Un Chien Andalou. Two birds are to be seen looking out of a hole in the stage in the foreground, prevented from withdrawing their head by palings and length of string (or halter) tied to the horns of one of them (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Bischoff claims, â€Å"the desire for forbidden fruit (indicated by the hand which has reached for the nut) and curiosity (for the birds have put their head through the opening in rder to see something) are immediately punished† (Bi schoff, 2003, pg. 23). Schneede, on the other hand, understands Oedipus Rex as being â€Å"held in check by a halter [†¦] and by palings. † He says that â€Å"living creatures exist [†¦] in a rigid state of suspended animation [and that] the saw cleaves no trace of cut marks behind† (Schneede, 1972, pg. 50). Moreover, Schneede agrees with Bischoff, in that the cleaved nut resembles an eye, anticipating the opening sequence of Bunuel’s film, Un Chien Andalou.There are numerous allusions to the Oedipus legend of classical antiquity, says Bischoff, a myth, which has retained its validity throughout the history of mankind, for the motifs of vision, blindness and piercing, are all present (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Although there are many understandings of this work of art, it can still be difficult to understand the meaning of it to the extent the Ernst had intended. For Spies, pictures such as Oedipus Rex compel us to search in vain for some key that might help us to explain them. And that in doing so, we get no closer to the meaning.He goes on to say that â€Å"it is important to recognize that even precise knowledge of the sources Ernst made use of for his collages and paintings does not help us understand them, for he cut away and obscured the meaning of the original image in the course of making his own work† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 4). L’ange du Foyer Max Ernst’s L’ange du Foyer is another one of his ground breaking pieces in which a â€Å"gigantic bird-like or dragon-like creature [is] launching into a terrible jump over a plain† (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 60). The smaller secondary figure is trying to hold the monster back.The painting projects a vivid sense of danger and total destructiveness. â€Å"The monster’s violent nature is perfectly clear from its menacing claws, its fluttering garments in glowing colours, its expansive gestures, with its raised left hand making some kind of magical sign, and it’s enraged stomping in front of a low-lying horizon† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 28). The gesture of the outstretched arms is more expansive but does not seem so menacing, inasmuch as it does not threaten to burst the boundaries of the picture. The monster appears not to be acting so much as reacting to something.A number of details that Rewald pointed out are as follows: â€Å"On the creatures right foot in the Munich picture is a house slipper – an allusion to the title L’ange du Foyer (Fire Side Angle), whereas in the large canvas it is a horses hoof, suggesting the devil. His right hand, lacking the long claws of the other beast, still has some resemblance to human anatomy. His left arm, by contrast, appears to dissolve into vegetable forms. The fluttering drapery on this arm can be interpreted as an object: it calls to mind a blood red executioners ax. And the monster’s grimace is hideously repulsive.Thus, terror is not entirely banished from the smaller picture† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Attached to an arm and a leg of the beast in the painting is a small, no less monstrous creature that seems more amphibian. Rewald describes the creature as having a â€Å"gaping birds beak and long frog legs,† she says that â€Å"it combines irreconcilable elements [of] air and water† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). In addition, the obviously female creature exudes a crude eroticism: her thick thighs are spread far apart, exposing a button-like sex organ.And according to Rewald, it is impossible to overlook her obscene gesture, which has infuriated the trampling beast and caused him to leap so high (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Despite the individual differences, says Bischoff, all the themes and subjects of Max Ernst’s work had a political dimension (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 57), none more so than his L’ange du Foyer. This painting consisted of three versions, ca lled the ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. The ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ is an ironic title, Ernst says, for a kind of â€Å"juggernaut, which crushes and destroys all that comes in its path.That was my impression at the time of what would probably happen in the world, and I was right (about WWII)† (Ernst in Schneede, 1972, pg. 154). The monster is seen as being driven solely by an instinct for power, he represents a variety of governmental, military, and ecclesiastical authorities, crushing and killing everything that stands in his way, especially women. In 1938, Ernst gave the picture, for a time, the title ‘The Triumph of Surrealism,’ â€Å"a despairing reference to the fact that the Surrealists with their Communist ideas had been unable to do anything to resist Fascism† (Schneed, 1972, pg. 54). Ernst’s additions to Surrealism Max Ernst, a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism has, through his art, brought us to a dream-like state time and time again. Surrealism is meant to bring us to our inner child, and exercise our imaginations. In practicing this discipline, Ernst was able to eliminate the notion of artist as creator as well as the idea of ‘artistic talent. ’ Through experimentation and his skillfulness, he was able to deliver us many great works of art, including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer.Oedipus Rex was the first time Ernst was able to transfer the technique of collage to a large-scale painting, and through this work he permeated the idea that the desire for the ‘forbidden fruit’ or curiosity is, many times, immediately punished (Bischoff, 2003). With L’ange du Foyer, Ernst deliberately made a reference to war, projecting a vivid sense of danger and destructiveness. He was able to bring his ideas on war to a surreal, phantasmagorical state. Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937) are a couple of the most important additio ns to the Surrealist movement. Ernst, through these works, was able to establish many significant elements linked to Surrealism including the use of collage and bringing the audience to a dream like state with his overtly spine-chilling creations.References Bischoff, U. (2003). Max Ernst : 1891-1976 Beyond Painting. (J. Harrison, Trans. ) Koln, Germany: Taschen. Camfield, W. A. (1993). Max Ernst: Dada and the Dawn of Surrealisn. Munich: Prestel. Gimferrer, P. (1983). Max Ernst. New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc. Harrison, C. (2003). Art in Theory 1900-2000. US: Wiley-Blackwell. Hofmann, W. , Schmied, W. & Spies, W. (1973). Max Ernst, Inside the Sight. Houton, Texas: Institute for the Arts, Rice University. Rewald, S. , & Spies, W. (2005). Max Ernst : A Retrospective. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Schneede, U. M. (1972). The essential Max Ernst. (R. W. Last, Trans. ) London: Thames and Hudson. Spalding, J. J. (1979). Max Ernst: from the Collection o f Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Ernst. Clagary, Alberta: Glenbow Museum. Spies, W. (2006). Max Ernst: Life and Work. London: Thames and Hudson. Stern, F. (2009, January). Surrealism: The Alternate Reality. CPI. Q (Canadian Periodicals) .

Cubas Achievements in Health Care and Public Education Essay

CUBA’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN PROVIDING HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC ARE BETTER THATN THOSE OF MANY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. HOW HAS IT MANAGEDTHIS? There may be some question over Fidel Castro’s achievements in providing economic success, or democracy to Cuba in the last forty five years or so. However Cuba’s record on providing egalitarian health care and education to the masses have generally been agreed as a success story, even by Castro’s old enemy the United States. â€Å"To be educated is to be free,† (Marti in Marshall, 1987, p146) has become one of the more popular revolutionary slogans and has been greatly adhered to by Castro’s government. While health care is articulated in the 1975 Cuban constitution as being â€Å"the right†¦show more content†¦Under the Batista Regime the rich and the middle class tended to send their children to the private Catholic schools while the poor had to use the badly equipped and staffed general schools, or in more rural areas nothing at all. In 1953 the illiteracy rate was 24 per cent of the population. The difference between urban areas and r ural areas showed that most of the limited resources were going to the big cities, with illiteracy rates in town being 11 per cent to 42 per cent in the country (Marshall, 1987, p146). Within two years of coming to power Castro had nationalised all private schools and started the first major education initiative, the literacy campaign. This campaign was established not just to educate the city dwellers but to prioritise education for those that had mainly been ignored in the countryside. Over a 100,000 young students travelled into the rural areas to live with and educate the peasant population. 1961 became known as the â€Å"Year of Education,† (Perez, 1995, 358) while the slogan of the day being, â€Å"If don’t know, learn. If you know, teach† (Marshall, 1987, p147). The campaign became a great success with official government figures suggesting that by 1962 96 per cent of the population was now literate which was the highest rate in Latin America at the time. Even if the official figure may have been someShow MoreRelatedEssay on Capitalism Vs. Socialism1805 Words   |  8 Pagesbenefits of health care, education, subsidized housing and pensions). Moreover economic inequalities have grown geometrically with 1% of the top income bracket controlling 80% of private assets and more than 50% of income while poverty levels exceed 50% or even higher. In the former USSR, especially south-central Asian republics like Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, living standards have fallen by 80%, almost one fourth of the population has out-migrated or become destitute and industries, public treasuriesRead MoreFidel Castro2633 Words   |  11 PagesThere are many views that people have of Cuba’s Fidel Castro. Castro is a figure with opinions on both ends of the spectrum. While he is not worldly popular at this point in his life, he was immensely beneficial to his country. Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba for the past 50 years may not be viewed in the b est light, but he did phenomenal things for his people which makes him one of the most undervalued and overlooked political figures. Fidel Castro Ruz was born in Biran, Cuba on August 13, 1926 (BritannicaRead MoreWhat Is an Optimal Level of Health Care2279 Words   |  10 PagesOptimal Model for Health Care Stephanie Fontes ECON 402—Wednesday’s Class Due Date: November 2nd, 2011 What is an optimal model for health care? This is a highly debated issue internationally. Much of the debate centers around whether health care should be treated as a type of public—good supplied by the government and funded by taxpayers. Others believe that a better system is delivered by the private sector. Another model advocates a public/private mix. This analysis will consider

Enhance And Simplify Security With Network Security

Enhance Simplify Security with Network Sentry Managed Services Bradford Networks is the leading provider of Network Security solutions that minimize the risk and impact of cyber threats by providing end-to-end visibility of all devices, continuous endpoint monitoring, and automated threat containment. As a Managed Services Provider (MSP) you know first-hand that as organization struggle to find and retain skilled IT staff, more organizations are turning to managed services to supplement their staff and fill knowledge gaps in specific technologies. IDC estimates that security–related services will account for nearly 45% of worldwide security spending in 2016, and that managed services will represent the largest segment of spending,†¦show more content†¦Its inherent flexibility lets IT organizations evolve security projects from initial trials through pilot rollouts to full deployments, while implementing effective security policies. Bradford Networks’ MSP License Program Network Sentry offers MSPs a fully-featured network endpoint control solution that is highly-scalable, offers subscription-based licensing packages that include support, and can be rapidly configured and deployed with customized security policies. Bradford’s MSP partner licensing program offers a comprehensive license package that includes: †¢ Network Sentry product †¢ Virtual appliances †¢ Sales training †¢ Product training †¢ Product deployment assistance †¢ Ongoing product updates and support The Benefits of Offering Network Sentry Network Sentry is a full-Featured Network Endpoint Control Solution. It delivers all the features of Bradford Networks’ award-winning Network Sentry solution including complete visibility and control over who and what is accessing the network, as well as continuous monitoring and automated threat response. 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Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay

The supernatural was a popular element in many of the plays written in Shakespeares time (including Hamlet) and everyone of Shakespeares time found the supernatural fascinating. Even King James I took a special interest in supernatural and written a book, Daemonologie, on witchcraft. It must be remembered that, in Shakespeares day, supernatural referred to things that were above Nature; things which existed, but not part of the normal human life and unexplainable. The play Macbeth involves many supernatural actions that act as a catalyst for suspense and thrill, insight into character, foreshadowing of future events as well as making connections with the theme. In the opening scene of the play, the entrance of the three witches†¦show more content†¦Scene iii. Line 58) is also an element of supernatural. Later on in the play, we found Macbeth constantly relying on the witches supernatural powers and their ability to call out the three apparitions, yet another symbol of the supernatural. Over here, the calling out of the apparitions as supernatural elements in the play could be intended to increase the thrill and suspense of the audience. At the same time, bear in mind that Shakespeare had the play performed for King James I, perhaps, the supernatural scenes on the witches is intended to cater to King James Is personal interest. It is also noted that the presence of the witches in every scene, is often accompanied by thunder and dark skies, as though Nature is disturbed and troubled by their presence and supernatural forces. The disorder and disturbance of Nature in the presence of the witches supernatural forces could also reflect the disorder portrayed in the play as soon as the Great Chain of Being was violated when Macbeth murdered King Duncan and assumed the throne. Terrible and peculiar incidents of the supernatural surfaced after King Duncan was murdered. Life literally, is turned upside down. 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To create such a tragic, ill-fated play, Shakespeare uses a vast variety ofRead MoreThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth The supernatural in Elizabethan times was seen as a very real threat to society. The public thought that there were such things as witches who could perform acts of the supernatural such as turning humans into animals and causing changes in the weather. Any mention of the supernatural in these times scared the public and many people, mainly women, were executed on the thought that they

Design and Procedure Free Essays

The study entitled â€Å"The level of Knowledge of Cigarette Smoker tricycle drivers of STOD (Pembo-Blueboz route) on sintax law and its relation to their Attitude towards Smoking† will use a quantitative approach. In which, according to Hammersley (1992), quantitative approach is taken when people are trying to analyze information, collect survey data and perform analyses and many other functions and since the researchers will use survey questionnaires as instrument. It is mainly helpful for strategic planning and implementation. We will write a custom essay sample on Design and Procedure or any similar topic only for you Order Now This design was adapted by the researchers to find out the level of knowledge of cigarette smokers on Sin tax Law and its relation to their attitude towards smoking, as stated on Hopkin’s article, quantitative research aims to determine the relationship between one thing and another. The principle of quantitative research will be applied in this study for it will help them in studying the abstract things such as level of knowledge and attitude of the smoking tricycle drivers. Hence, the researchers will be able to identify the variables: age, monthly income and education to be utilized for the purpose of the study and analysis and also to know the relationship of their attitude towards smoking and their knowledge on Sintax Law. The researchers will also use Descriptive type of research. Descriptive research is used when the purpose of the research is to determine the characteristics of certain groups or a subject and it is much applicable in their goal in the study to present the details and social setting of the selected smoking tricycle drivers on their level of knowledge on Sintax Law and their attitude on smoking. This study will describe the real situation of the researcher’s study and will further explain the data that will be gathered. Research Method The researchers will use the survey methodology for it is considered as the faster and cheapest way among others. Hence, survey is effective in producing information on opinions, attitudes, belief, presumption, and or socio-economic characteristics. Also, data will be reliable and could avoid or lessen its inconsistency. In addition to that, survey is simpler to analyze and easier to associate the gathered data. The survey will serve as their medium to gather data by asking questions. The researchers will use the survey method for they believed that it will be suitable on their study. Since a population can be quite large of a number, researchers will question only a sample. The sample respondents will be asked questions on their demographic profile along with the respective set of questionnaires regarding the data needed. By this survey, the respondents may give just to their freedom by voicing out their opinion or ideas prior to the research conducted. Through survey, the reliability of information collected from cigarette smoker respondents will maintain. Also, surveying will enable to help the researchers to gain a great deal of information at one time and will provide quantitative data. The researchers believed that this method remains as the most widely used method in gaining quantifiable data. Instrumentation The self-executed questionnaires by the researchers are the instrument they will use for their survey. It will serve as the medium to garner the necessary information for the research. This device aims to distinguish the level of knowledge of the cigarette smokers on the newly passed Sintax law and its relation to the smokers’ attitude towards smoking. The researchers will use closed questions, multiple-choice format, checklist format and the likert scale. The set of questions will be categorized based on the problem and objectives of this study. Closed question is considered as the simplest way whereas it is being nswerable by a yes or a no. By close ended questions, the researchers can avoid the unessential responses from the chosen respondents. To review the validity, the researchers made 2 page survey questionnaires. As a process, validation involves gathering and analyzing data to figure the accuracy of the instrument used. This survey is divided into 4 se ctions: profile, awareness, knowledge, and attitude. First part is where the respondents are being asked about their demographic profile. Second part of the instrument will measure the awareness of the respondents. Third is where the cigarette smokers’ knowledge unto the law will be measured. And last, the attitude of the respondents towards smoking will be asked. The purpose of this questionnaire is to fully determine if the tricycle drivers are aware or knowledgeable about the sintax law. By this instrument, the researchers will identify the cigarette smokers’ attitude on the said law. As a clarification, this study is only a fulfillment of requirement, for academic purposes only. Sample and Sampling Technique Usually, researchers aren’t capable of observing directly in every individual in a population they are studying. Rather, they gather information from a subset of individuals, called sample. Sample is a group of people that can be described as the sub-collection drawn from the population. In order for the sample to truly reflect the population, you need to have a sample that will represent the population. So in this study, the researchers selected tricycle drivers of STOD (Pembo-Blueboz route) who smoke to be the respondents. They will be selected through Simple Random sampling or SRS which is the one of the most commonly used probability method. Each respondent will be chosen randomly and entirely by chance. A simple random sample is an unbiased surveying technique. With the help of fishbowl draw, all the corresponding numbers of each correspondent will be place in it and will mixed thoroughly. In that case, all of them will have the chance to be the respondents. By this sample, the research study will be carried out. Sample random sampling is common and just simple. Its simplicity makes it relatively easy to interpret data collected via SRS. And for this reason, simple random sampling best suits situations where not much information is available about the population and data collection can be efficiently conducted on randomly distributed items. Data Collection Procedure The researchers will conduct survey for five days. The questionnaires will personally administer to the selected cigarette smokers according to the number of sample that will be computed. The researchers decided to survey 50% only of the total population of tricycle drivers, for not all the drivers smoke cigars. The respondents will participate in the study. Thus, ethical issues will be considered to make sure that everything will be confidential, especially the responses and will remain private as well as the safety of the respondents. All important details of the study, including its aim and purpose will relay by the researchers. And through this, the respondents will be able to understand the importance of their role in the completion of the research study. The respondents will not be forced to participate in the said research. The confidentiality of the participants will be ensured also by not disclosing their names or personal information in the research. Those significant details that can help in answering the research questions will be included. The completely filled-up questionnaires will be returned to the researchers for the evaluation and analysis of data. Statistical Formula The researchers will choose Likert survey for the questionnaire type as this will enable the respondents to answer the survey without difficulty. It will measure the extinct to which a person finds a question effective or ineffective. A Likert item is simply a statement which the respondent is asked to evaluate according to any kind of subjective or objective criteria; generally the level of agreement or disagreement is measured. It usually has four choices: strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree, but there are cases that it will go up to ten and sometimes, more than ten. And some times, instead of using the level of agreement, likert can also consists of options with assigned values (excellent, very good, average, below average poor; always, seldom, frequently, sometimes and never). A numerical value will be assigned to each potential choice and a mean figure for all the responses will be computed at the end of the evaluation. The final average score will represent the overall level of accomplishment or attitude of the respondents toward the subject matter. The researcher will then exclude irrelevant questions and will change difficult or unclear terminologies into simpler ones in order to ensure understanding. The researcher used the 4-point likert in order to have a concrete answers from the respondents because likert scale implied that the number of alternatives are open for manipulation, and this study will employ a manipulated likert scale by allowing only four choices and in so doing, will eliminate a default median response. Many techniques can be involved in statistics that treat data in required manner. Statistical treatment is one, and the result is dependent on the experiment used and the desired output. Describing the data is also involved in statistical treatment. And the best way is to undergo the measure of central tendencies- the mean. Through these, the researchers could easily explain how the data are concentrated. To fulfill the process of Statistical Treatment, the gathered data will be processed by the use of the software program called SPSS/PC+. Same principles will be followed in this program to compute for frequency distribution, percentage and weighted mean. To identify the awareness and to describe the profile of the respondents, the frequency distribution and percentage will be applied. And to describe the attitude of the selected smoking tricycle drivers of STOD (Pembo-Blueboz route) by each selected attitudinal area, the weighted mean will be utilized. The weighted mean which describe the attitude of the respondents will verbally interpret as follows: How to cite Design and Procedure, Papers

Dynamics of Factors Market Segmentation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Dynamics of Factors Market Segmentation. Answer: Introduction The present report focuses on the importance of marketing for the Donald B chocolate maker in Australia. Donald B being the new entrant in the Australian chocolate market should focus on some factors in order to expand their business. It has been evident from recent facts that the consumption of chocolates in Australia has been increasing over the years. Rise in demand for the confectionary products and rise in total number of international players in this industry mainly drives the chocolate market in Australia (Minifie, 2012). The report also analysis about the chocolate market in this nation, which involves- market segmentation, buyers behavior and key vendors analysis. The behavior of the buyers purchasing chocolate is mainly influenced by social, cultural, psychological and personal factors. In fact, micro as well as macro environmental forces are also analyzed in this study in order to highlight how these forces affect the business of Australia. The microenvironmental forces th at are discussed in this study involves producers, suppliers, competitors and publics. In addition, the macroenvironmental forces that are explained in this report involves- political, social, economic and technological. In the last section, the conclusion has been drawn based the present chocolate market condition in Australia and Donald B potentiality of growth of this chocolate confectionary sector in Australia. Effective market analysis has been the cornerstone of the successful marketing campaign. It refers to the assessment of both the external as well as internal market. It has been opined by West, Ford Ibrahim, (2012) that, market analysis is important for every business as it aids to determine their sales proposition, analyze the target customer and their competitors, drivers of the business growth and so on. It has been found out by some researcher that behavior of customers serve as vital tool for the marketers as it helps them to meet their sales target. Analyzing the consumer behavior helps the marketers design the product or service, set the product price, integrate appropriate promotional campaign and improve their business operations (IBISWorld, 2018). Both micro as well as macro environmental has been considered as one of the vital components of market analysis as it facilitates the researchers identify the different forces that impact the business environment and operations i n producing the product. In Australia, the chocolate market is segmented into different categories including the trends of the industry. However, the market is segmented by its type, age group, category, end user and the distribution channel. Recent evidences reflect that the chocolate industry of Australia has been increasing at high rate over the last few years. As a result, they are facing huge competition from the imported chocolate product that is coming from the other Asian nations. In addition to this, as the population in Australia has been ageing, it creates huge opportunity for the manufacturers to create rising number of confectionary product that provide to the age specific needs (McDonald Wilson, 2016). Furthermore, the increasing growth in this sector has been attributed to rising demand of consumers basically for the premium quality chocolates. Moreover, the overview of this chocolate confectionary market in this nation permits the new players as well as the existing enterprise to attain rapi d insight into their market value, packaging and data regarding distribution channel. The producers in the chocolate producing industry of Australia have been facing changing preferences of customers for over the past few years. Baker (2014) opines that increasing customer concerns about sugar as well as fat in foods have reduced the chocolate as well as confectionary demand for the past five years. As a result, the people of this country choose to move towards rich cocoa content products rather than buying chocolate. Furthermore, the participants in this sector have led to rise in product diversification and introduction of healthier products in order to limit the total number of customers switching to other products. As a result, the demand for high quality goods has increased in this market over the last few years. This in turn enhanced the performance of this chocolate industry. Thus, it is seen that the total revenue of this sector increased by near about 2.2% for the last five years. Segmentation of the market Monedelz international is one of the biggest food producers in Australia. It has the portfolio of some of the iconic brands involving Cadbury Dairy Milk, Pascall, etc. They basically focuses on the four pillars involving- mindful sncaking, safety, community and sustainability. Mars is also one of the leading brands in Australia that supplies high quality chocolate, food and other confectionary products (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). This company relies on five basic principles involving- mutuality, quality, efficiency, responsibility and freedom. Nestle is also one of the leading food and beverage forms in Australia that have near about 2000 brands. They conduct their business based on the principles of honesty, fairness and focusing on the people. In fact, their advertising policy and packaging makes them attain huge popularity in the market. As Donald B is the new entrant in this market, he should analyze these vendors before manufacturing the product. This in turn will help to achieve s uccess in the business. Australia has been one of the largest consumption rates of chocolate in the Asia- Pacific regions. Some of the major players in this industry are Mondelez, Mars, Nestle and so on. Mondelez International is the biggest chocolate company that dominates the chocolate market of Australia with near about 55% of share. The next biggest player that comes after Mondelez is Mars, which holds near about 18% of the market share. Nestle follows these two companies holding the total share of 14%. On the other hand, Lindt accounts for only 7% of the chocolate market in Australia. But this enterprise has been considered as the catalyst behind the present growth in the premium chocolate market of this nation (Wilkinson, 2013). Few success factors of these companies involve- attractive presentation of the product, manufacturing of premium products. The benchmark of these companies involves- cost of sales and total expenditure rate. However, Donald B being the new entrant faces several challenges in t he market especially from these biggest rivalries. It has been found out by the researcher that the chocolate market of Australia will grow at high rate in future owing to increase in total number of players in the market. The latest market trend that has been gaining huge momentum in the chocolate market of Australia is the dark chocolate innovation. For the last few years, the manufacturers of chocolate are bringing about innovations in account of manufacturing processes of chocolate in order to compete with its counterparts and open new streams of revenue. This innovation made by the chocolate producers helps them to attract new customers and retain new ones (Kotler, 2015). Owing to this market trends, the manufacturers of chocolate in Australia chooses to become innovative for adapting with the shifts in the preferences of consumers and counteract with these trends. For this the confectionary market in Australia has seen increase in diversification of products, sustainable production, premium chocolate and healthier options of product. Furthermore, increase in total demand for the premium products leads to huge growth in revenue. Overall, the confectionary market trends in Australia have seen an up ward trend over the last few years. Donald B being the new manufacturers in the market faces this challenge and thus focuses on innovating new products in order to sustain in the competitive business environment. Buyers behavior refers to the acts and decision process of the individuals that are involved in purchasing and utilization of products (Rani, 2014). The company operating in the competitive business environment analyzes the behavior of the consumers because of few reasons- Reactions of the buyers to the companys marketing strategy have huge affect on their success. Marketers of the industry predicts how their customers responds to their marketing strategies The marketing theories stresses that the company must create the marketing mix in order to analyze the buying patterns of the customers. The types of customers buying behavior are basically determined by- Involvement level in their purchase decision Customers involvement level also helps to determine the reason behind their interest in seeking information about the goods Influences Definition Characteristics of consumers of fast food and/or low calorie food Social Class ( middle class, upper class and lower class) Cultural factors mainly comprises of set of ideologies as well as values of the specific community or the group of people The consumer that lies in this category consists of both males and females. The customers belonging to social class mainly possess varied buying behaviours. It has been evident from the above study, the Australians consumes chocolates despite knowing the fact it is of high calaroie. Social Influence of the family The requirement and motives of the customers gets influenced by theier family, reference groups, and opinion laeders The consumer falling under this category gets influenced by their family members and other opinion leaders. The individuals sometimes take the decision from their group members. The Australians mainly ask for recommendations from their senior members before buying the chocolates. Opinion leaders They are mainly spokesperson. The markets of the company tries to attract these leaders in order to influence the consumers. Reference groups The group members positively and negatively influences the attitude and behaviour of persons Personal Occupation The individuals occupation has huge affect on their purchasing behaviour Under this factor, the characteristics of consumers of fast food involves- Low income as well as savings of persons purchases cheap products. Thus m they are strong headed Aggression and dominance influences the buying patterns of customers Economic situation The income as well as savings of the customers influences their buying behavior Personality As personality of the individuals varies during the time, it also influences their purchasing behaviour Psychological Perception There are various perceptual procedure , which involves- selective distortion, selective retention and selective distortion. High level of motivation positively influences the purchasing pattern of consumers They are more focused on beliefs and learning Strong attitude of persons enhances their purchasing power Beliefs and Attitudes The beliefs and attitudes of the individuals towards various products influences the customers buying pattern Microenvironment These are the factors in the companys immediate operations areas that impact their performance as well as decision making freedom. These factors mainly involve customers, suppliers, producers, competitors and publics. However, these forces are mainly internal to the companies. Both suppliers as well as producers plays huge role in the success of business. Producers mainly rely on the suppliers for transporting the goods to the customers. In order to operate in profitable manner, the manufacturers and suppliers provides good value to their consumers (scott, 2018). As Donald B is the new player in this sector, they must use whole sellers for distributing their chocolate in the Australian market. The image of the firm mainly decides the future of the market. Brands having good image in the market become successful in attracting their customers. Publics are basically the environmentalists, media persons, consumer protection groups, investors, shareholders etc who have direct contact with the company. The firm that gives their energy to manage their relationships with these publics helps them to achieve success in the business. However, their success in the market affects these people viewpoint in their activities. However, in the modern world, pubic plays vital role in microenviroment of business. The competition level in the industry has huge impact on the profit of the business. The larger the total number of rivalries, the lower is their market share. In addition, the competition pressure also compels the enterprise to update their activities as well as marketing strategies (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015) Sometimes, competition also acts as positive factor and thus can aid churn demand. Competitor Overview of their competing offerings Target market Positioning Mondelez Premium products is one if the offerings that this company is pushing. They also increases their healthier offerings of product Their target market is mainly the emerging markets. They reinvests their profits in these markets in order to grow their business Mondelez has the leading position in the market with near about 37% of the value share. They have positioned itself as the producer of premium product brand. Mars Their competitive offerings are mainly based on production capacity, packaging designs, pricing of different packs, celebrity endorsements etc. Their main target market is the health conscious individuals and the children. Moreover, they products manufactured by them are mainly based on the preference of customers Mars has well position in the Australian chocolate market. It is the second largest manufacturer of chocolate in Australia with near about 18% share in the market. In fact, they produces their chocolate from the certified sources (Tudor Negricea,2012). Lindt The product offerings are suitable for the individuals with lactose intolerance. In fact, their chocolate products are mainly suitable for the vegetarians Their target customers are the age group of 25-30 years. They have well defined target customers to whom they offer products. These are the customers that spends more than average on high quality product. Lindt is nit well positioned in the Australian market as it accounts for about 7% of the market share. Products of Woolsworth Their competitive offerings lies in the low price offerings of the product Their target market involves- low income and price sensitive individuals. It has good position in the Australian chocolate market. Macroenvironment The macroenvironment forces consist of those forces that impact the economy and nit just particular segments. These forces involve- demographics, technological, cultural, economic and political factors. Macro Factor/Trend Definition of Factor Explanation of trends / events relevant to fast food or low calorie food Demographic Various market segments are affected by demographic forces involving ethnicity, age, household lifestyle etc. As the lifestyle of Australian are high, the people living in this nation do not hesitate in buying high priced product. Moreover, the chocolate makers also produce chocolate for all age groups. Economic The economic factors are vital as they impacts the spending and buying patterns of customers. Climatic conditions as well as technological forces affect the firms production and distribution of goods. Australia is considered as the good destination for doing business. But the present climatic conditions increase difficulty for the chocolate producers to manufacture at high rate. On the other hand, advancement in technology in this nation helps the chocolate manufacturer to produce innovative product. Natural The renewal of natural resources including forests, marine products and the non- renewable resources affects the production. There are several renewable an non-renewable resources in this nation, which positively affects the business operations. Technological Technology permits the firms to know the amount of goods they have in their warehouse. It also helps in tracking, marketing and communicating the products. Emerging technologies in this nation helps the chocolate makers to increase their total production. Political Political environment impacts marketing through laws, government agencies etc. Legislation also motivates trade as well as competition in the market. Australia has good political system for tackling challenges and thus he chocolate makers donot face any difficulty in producing products. On the contrary, increased regulation as well as legislation puts this industry under huge strain. Cultural These factors refer to customs, culture and change in cultural trend that changes the future of company. The Australian culture is the multicultural society. However, this cultural trends positively affects the chocolate industry in this nation. Conclusions From the above study, it can be concluded that effective marketing strategy is vital for every business especially for the new entrants. Donald B being the new chocolate maker in the industry should focus on buyers behavior, microenvironment and macroenvironment forces. Over the years, there has been rising trend in the chocolate market in Australia. As the Australians become increasingly concerned about sugar as well as fat in foods, it weakened the confectionary demand mainly mass-produced product. Even the chocolate makers of this industry are focusing on producing premium products owing to increase in demand of customers. As a result, the chocolate makers in this nation attain higher revenue and profit from the sale of these products. However, huge competition in this industry puts pressure on Donald B to become more innovative with their range of products. Thus, it is predicted that Donald B has good potential to grow in this nations chocolate confectionary sector. References Aaker, D. A. (2012).Building strong brands. Simon and Schuster. Australia Chocolate Market Size, Share, Analysis Forecast 2023 | TechSci Research. (2018).Techsciresearch.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018, from https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/australia-chocolate-market/1711.html Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. 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Retrieved 27 March 2018, from https://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/10/prweb11250568.htm Kotler, P. (2015).Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. McDaniel, C., Gates, R. (2013).Marketing research. Singapore. McDonald, M., Wilson, H. (2016).Marketing Plans: How to prepare them, how to profit from them. John Wiley Sons. Minifie, B. (2012).Chocolate, cocoa and confectionery: science and technology. Springer Science Business Media. Rani, P. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), 52-61. scott, s. (2018).Macro environmental factors vs. micro environmental factors.siobhan c. scott. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://siobhancscott.wordpress.com/2013/10/28/macro-environmental-factors-vs-micro-environmental-factors/ Sheth, J. N., Sisodia, R. S. (2015).Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Tudor, E. D. U., Negricea, I. C. (2012). Brand Positioning-a marketing resource and an effective tool for Small and Medium Enterprises.Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology,2(1), 1-11. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. West, D. C., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press, USA. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Wilkinson, F. (Ed.). (2013).The dynamics of labour market segmentation. Elsevier.