Kafka’s Metamorphosis in Context to His Era Essay

 â â â One of the significant German scholars was a Jewish, white collar class inhabitant of Prague, a man named Franz Kafka, who composed upsetting, dreamlike stories. Writing in both short story and novel structure, his work was distributed after death by a companion, Max Brod, who disregarded his solicitations to consume his compositions upon his passing. Since his companion defied his last solicitation, Kafka’s work has gotten notable in western writing, in any event, creating its own meanings.  The term â€Å"Kafkaesque† has come to mean unremarkable yet silly and strange conditions of the sort usually found in Kafka’s works (â€Å"Kafka†,1).  â â One of the most generally read and well known of these works concerns a man who awakens one day and finds he is a creepy crawly. Truly. Known as Die Verwandlung or The Metamorphosis, Kafka composed this story rapidly, finishing it among November and December 1912.  â â â Because of its odd subjectâ matter, his story has been exposed to a wide assortment of translations. Despite the fact that pundits fluctuate generally in those understandings, the fundamental story includes a man who stirs in various structure: he is presently a creepy crawly; a â€Å"giant massive vermin;† yet all he needs to do is get the opportunity to work. He has accommodated his family and feels the weight of helping them even at this point. Notwithstanding, in this new setting , he can't talk with his relatives. Passing judgment on just by appearances,  his family members becomes rebuffed by him, considering him a weight. Each time he enters to attempt to be in their middle, they act mean; his dad even ventures to such an extreme as to toss an apple, which accordingly gets contaminated after it implants in his back. Despite the fact that Gregor turns into a genuine detainee of his messy, dingy room, his family gives food and other sustenance to a period. Yet, they so hate his appearance and treat him so abhorrently, that his sister at last announces thatâ â€Å" that thing must go.† His mom doesn’t much offer an expression of dissent. Due to his untouchable status with his family, Gregor comes back to his room one final time; envious of soothing them of their weight. He rests. What's more, kicks the bucket.  â â â Both the structure and the setting of the story take after that of a show. The structure manufactures significantly, with a progression of three emergencies, prompting an end result. Each segment of the story has a characterized territory where the story happens; a restricted space as in plays.  With the exemption of Gregor, different characters are one dimensional.  â â â Thus, Kafka works out of the conventional Aristotelian system of three acts comprising of a start, center, and end. However his style is common. Has he been misrepresented? His plot is restricted in scope, a progression of scenes in the life of a character, as opposed to a full turn of events. The characters are likewise restricted. So what precisely caused this Kafkan phenomenon?â Kafka managed the subject of logical inconsistency and the absurd†with a feeling of ineptitude against the crazy conditions and trivialities of the world. In spite of the fact that not pulled in to any â€Å"isms’ of thought insightfully, strategically, aesthetically, or strictly, he just communicated his own spirit (Artile, 1).  â â â Despite his absence of referencing, the more extensive world in any case made a case for him.  â â â The Jews considered him to be their own visionary. They were persuaded he anticipated the appearance of the Holocaust. However Kafka was not a strict Jew, going to gathering place just multiple times yearly with his dad and having a Jewish right of passage at age 13. Excessively retained in his own disappointments to give a lot of consideration to political turns of events, Kafka couldn't resist getting aware of the expanding xenophobia and hostile to Semitism of people around him. He imagined that Palestine was a decent arrangement and frequently discussed moving there to work a cafã © with his sweetheart Dora. Amidst the counter Semitic mobs of 1920 Berlin, he said that â€Å"the best course is to leave a spot where one is hated† (Strickland, 2). For sure, his own three sisters all passed on in death camps, aâ destiny that may likewise have anticipated Kafka had he lived instead of kicking the bucket of TB in 1924.  â â Although just a common Jew, Kafka was by the by pulled in to Yiddish theater. The Metamorphosis has numerous equals to a great work of Yiddish theater called The Savage composed by Gordin. The child Lemekh in this story is â€Å"defective† like Gregor Samsa.â Outcasts who sicken, the two characters are creature like animals in decay. The focal analogy of The Metamorphosis compares toâ â Lemekh’s position in his own family. As the maid states, ‘they kill him in the event that he comes in here, so he lies in his own room, days on end, with his eyes open, and gazes, similar to a creature, holding on to be sacrificed’ (Beck, 54).  â â Beck keeps on expressing that the Oedipal struggle and the bigger subject of interbreeding is available in the two works in light of the fact that the sons’ love for their moms and sisters become mistaken for sexual want. They become mixed up when they see their folks grasp. When Zelde contacts Lemekh, he gets hot. Thus, Gregor needs to spare the image of the woman in hides, creeping up the glass which alleviated his hot body. Slithering shows his acknowledgment of his creature state-concealing when others enter, blacking out which escalates the activity and shows compelling feeling. Lemekh in his iron coat and Gregor in his protective layer plated hard back are both detained, and profoundly restricted. Gordin’s play cautions of the brute in each man covering up underneath his human faã §ade. Kafka’s work additionally is by all accounts highlighting the vermin which each man intrinsically epitomizes (Beck, 56).  â â Other gatherings other than the Jews additionally grasped Kafka. Psychoanalytic Freudianism and  Existentialism saw impressions of their ways of thinking in his works. The Freudians saw each range from illusory characteristics and Oedipal clashes to representative chances and ids. Kafka’s feelingsâ for his own dad peruses like a straightforward Oedipal story. Numerous pundits were of the assessment that at no other time had Freud governed so remarkably over a story as he did The Metamophosis (Eggenschwiler, 72).  â â Existentialism took Kafka to be one of their own .Because he made characters who battle with misery and ridiculousness, numerous in the development considered him to be a symbol, while others in the gathering were baffled with the western business as usual of the 50s and the 60s. They misshaped Kafka by misusing the overwhelming climate of his accounts, utilizing them as the reason for the need of a progressively liberal society with less state intercession and more truth for the individual.The existentialists mishandled truth by depicting an insane Kafka, survivor of their equivalent anxiety. The cleverness and fiendishness that was so dear to the surrealists that he adored is lost with that existentialist name ( Artile, 7).  One of the most evident subjects of The Metamorphosis concerns society’s treatment of the individuals who are extraordinary and  the depression of being removed; the urgent and ridiculous expectation that seclusion brings (â€Å"Kafka,†3).  â â In his torment and dismissal Gregor Samsa was a long way from being everyman. Also, most perusers won't be set up to acknowledge him as a widespread image. By and by, it is difficult to maintain a strategic distance from the condition in The Metamorphosis that Kafka was illustrating; in any event around then; his own miserable, tragicomic vision of the human condition ( Beck, 57).  â Kafka’s worth will consistently lie in the odd that it contains. Last understanding will likely remain anâ inconceivability. The different mid-century bunches that accepting him as their saint never observed the total image of his imaginative benefits or unique idea. Albeit a significant number of his accounts are equivocal and puzzling, Kafka himself viewed his composition and the imagination he created as a methods for recovery (Artile, 7).  â Thus his work rises above all the different translations that have been constrained upon it and stands on its own benefits, staying a significant piece of the Western group; work that is ageless. References Artile, G. â€Å"Kafka Work,†2002.â ( Retrieved June 23, 2006). www.kafka.org Blossom, H.ed. Franz Kafka’s the Metamorphosis. New York: Chelsea House, 1988  â â â â â â â â â â â Andersen, M. â€Å"Kafka and Sacher Masock.†  â â â â â â â â â â â Beck, E. â€Å"The Dramatic  in Kafka’s Metamorphosis.†  â â â â â â â â â â â Corngold, S. â€Å"Metamorphosis of the Metaphor.†  â â â â â â â â â â â Eggenschwile, D. â€Å"die Verlandlung, Freud, and the Chains of Odysseus.†  â â â â â â â â â â â Gray, R. â€Å"The Metamorphosis.†  â â â â â â â â â â Greenberg,  M. â€Å"Gregor Samsa and Modern Spirituality.†  â â â â â â â â â â Pascal, R. â€Å"The Impersonal Narrator of the Metamorphosis.† Kafka, Franz. Chosen Short Stories. New York: Modern Library, 1952. â€Å"Kafka,† in Wikipedia 2006. (Recovered, June 23, 2006). www.enwiki.org/kafka Strickland, Yancey. â€Å"Kafka in Berlin,† (2004). (Recovered June 23, 2006).  â â â â â â â â â www.kafka.org.

Agriculture in Nepal

The major financial wellspring of most of the families in our nation is agribusiness. Over 70% of our HR are associated with farming and this part accommodates almost 40% of the total national output. Along these lines agribusiness is the significant occupation, primary undertaking and the significant way of life of the nation. The unit of the rural framework in our nation right now is a family. In the event that we take a general agent model we see that the venture has familial speculation, and the results of the endeavor are expended in the family itself, and the items don't approach the markets.Once in some time, if the creation of the family surpasses the utilization it is clearly hard for a family to discover the business sectors, transport the items to the business sectors on the off chance that they discover one, and can hope for benefits, and for the security of their homestead or creature items. To add to that rivalries with built up national and worldwide ventures prompts m onetary disappointments which have intruded on the couple of endeavors of enterpreneurship that were attempted. With the two leftovers of the extremely old frameworks and the sparkles of present day agribusiness frameworks seen, the significant patterns of the national agrarian conduct, frameworks and creation are as follows:1. Speculation: The significant portion of venture on horticulture are involved via land and human work. Innovation, water system, foundation improvement, and arrangement of concoction manures are out of creative mind and possibilities for a family, and the legislature likewise is still to focus on this issue. Likewise a sizable number doesn't approach cultivable land and consequently modest human work is everything they can sell, which further restricts their aspirations for budgetary prosperity.Even families with land are without present day innovation because of financial as well as instructive reasons. The principle farming instruments are as yet the hundred s of years old nearby kuto, kodalo and corona. 2. Monetary Unit: At present, the investigation of the Madhes, Pahad, Himal or any topography uncovers that business is deficient to some degree because of land discontinuity . Because of absence of aggregate horticultural frameworks little familial money related units are made which are unequipped for contending with bigger set up national or global budgetary enterprises.Product Diversification: Although farming needs to ideal as per the topography and atmosphere, the current pattern is that all families the country over from mountains to the fields and over the east-west channel develop similar assortments of yields and back a similar domesticated animals. There is a pattern of every family developing all it requirements for means as opposed to cultivating as indicated by the microclimate. 4. Attitude: The informed youth don't wish to seek after agribusiness as a vocation. There is a general absence of advancing business enterprise in the nation in general.Research and Development: There is little co-appointment if any between the constrained Agricultural School and Research Centers. Ranchers can possibly lament when their entire collect is wrecked by bothers. Absence of legitimate testing and pretesting of half and halves keep on destroying the speculations of the poor ranchers. Besides, it has been a test to hold the agroscientists and specialists in the nation as observed in other specialized areas. 6. Emotionally supportive networks and Infrastructure: There is a poor condition of credit arrangement to the ranchers. The corporate banks are contributing admirably beneath the arrangement prerequisite of 10% in agriculture.Also the enthusiasm on horticultural advances is high contrasted with genuine state and car credits. There is for all intents and purposes no arrangement of protection and securitization on the farming division. The absence of supporting framework needs no depiction, there are no sufficient c ountry streets, storerooms and cold-stores are an irregularity and interest for the necessary power offices is neglected. The focal point of social and financial existence of our nation, the horticulture part is still family-based, subsistent and non-proficient. In this way it must be supplanted to build up a specialized, aggregate and enterprising arrangement of agribusiness.

Columbian Exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Columbian Exchange - Essay Example However, later, tomatoes turned into a piece of the Italian character and nourishment culture, and the nutritious estimation of potatoes and corns was completely valued, accordingly, expanding the extent of the European food. On the contrary side, the new world was likewise acquainted with new nourishments. Sugarcane was maybe the most unmistakable and harming presentation. Be that as it may, the moderately meatless culture was changed once pork, hamburger, milk and cheddar were presented. The new comers were attempting to make a natural situation thus they carried with them various harvests and creatures, for example, rice, wheat, sheep, goats and chickens. In this way adding new species to the new world and drastically changing its financial and social character. The new comers likewise presented their own military equipment, for example, blades, protective layer and weapons, in the new world. Those prevalent military types of gear and weapons were utilized to control the Native American populace. The pony, for instance, was strange to the new world. Truth be told, it was considerably greater than any of the locally accessible trained creatures. It was utilized by the trespassers to scare the locals in fight. Nonetheless, the nearby Americans immediately received the creature, and figured out how to utilize its capacity viably against exactly the same individuals who presented it.

Sandburgs Fog and the Imagist Movement - Literature Essay Samples

Out of all of the poems written by Carl Sandburg, an early twentieth-century poet of the Imagist school, â€Å"Fog† may be his most famous. This may seem surprising; it’s a deceptively simple poem, only six lines long, with no real discernible meter or rhyme scheme. However, the significance of this poem lies not only in the latent power of its imagery, but also in the groundbreaking poetic tradition in which it participates, and of which it was one of the earliest examples. Carl Sandburg composed â€Å"Fog† in the year 1916. World War I was raging, and bringing with it massive social changes, the repercussions of which we still feel today. In literature, and poetry specifically, the austerities of the war and the harshness of the reality which people the world over were being forced, for the first time, to face brought about an entirely new style. Works of literature composed at this time became crisper, less romantic, more realistic and no genre exhibited this shift more obviously than the poem. Carl Sandburg was clearly writing within this tradition; in a review of his work, one critic states that he â€Å"has the unassailable and immovable earthbound strength of a great granite rock which shows a weather-worn surface above the soil.†[1] This particular trend of strong, concrete, reality-bound literary works manifested itself specifically in the Imagist Movement. A subset of the modernist trend of the early 1900’s, the Imagist Mo vement was centered around the use of imagery as a primary force in poetry; writers of the Imagist school focused on creating strong, realistic images, which they allowed to be the center of their poems. Sandburg’s reviewer speaks to the compelling way in which Sandburg participated in this trend, saying: â€Å"This is speech torn out of the heart because of the loveliness of.., a fog coming ‘on little cat feet’ the incommunicable loveliness of the earth, of life is too keen to be borne.†[2] The Imagist poets tried to access the deepest realities by presenting, with clarity and force, but without subtext, true images drawn from real life; in this lay their peculiar power. Carl Sandburg manifests this trend in a particularly clear and compelling way in â€Å"Fog†. Carl Sandberg wrote primarily in free verse, meaning that the majority of his poems flowed freely without a clearly discernible metrical character or rhyme scheme, and â€Å"Fog† is no exception. The metrical feet fall in what appears a random pattern, and none of the lines rhyme. Its brevity, tightly constructed lines, and overall conciseness almost put one in mind of a Japanese haiku. There is one legend that holds that Sandburg wrote the poem while he was waiting for a friend in a Chicago park; he had a book of haikus with him, and decided to try his hand at writing one himself, which he eventually developed into â€Å"Fog†. Whether or not this story is true, it’s certainly undeniable that this tight free-verse piece bears some similarity with the clean, concise lines of Japanese haiku. This method of constructing a poem lends a particular force; the reader is more attentive than he might be if he were simply reading a paragraph in prose, and yet the naturalis m of the word choices and the lack of rhyme imparts a realistic quality to the piece. This emphasis on realism, again, is a quality of the modernist movement, in which Carl Sandburg, as an Imagist poet, was writing. The imagery in this poem is particularly unique, since it relies on a single metaphor to give it a focused center. The poem reads as follows: The fog comeson little cat feet. It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then, moves on.[3] The comparison of a cat to the fog is a very apt one, since cats and fog actually do share a few characteristics. Both can be absolutely silent, and can creep into an area completely unawares. Similar to a drifting fog, the stereotypically defiant cat goes wherever it will and does what it pleases, regardless of the effect it has on its surroundings. Both cats and the fog are somehow mysterious and elusive, and both are notoriously fickle. The testimony of cat owners from time immemorial affirms the idea that cats can change their moods in an instant, without rhyme or reason. Fog, too, is notoriously moody, arising or dissipating with a swiftness that is sometimes startling. The choice to connect cats and fog was truly inspired. In terms of poetic devices, Sandberg employs a few noteworthy ones which are very helpful in developing the overall metaphor and tone of the poem. He begins with an instance of alliteration in the second line: â€Å"little cat feet.† The repetition of the â€Å"t† sound here evokes the idea of tiptoeing, which begins to establish the idea of a creeping silence an apt image for both fog and cats. Sandburg’s use of short lines in free-verse help to perpetuate this idea of a slow approach. Free-verse itself, as a genre when used by Sandburg, tends to create a ponderous, earth-bound rhythm; as Harriet Monroe says in her article about the work of Carl Sandburg, â€Å"The free-verse rhythms which this poet prefers are as personal as his slow speech or his massive gait; always a reverent beating-out of his subject.†[4] This ponderous but thorough treatment of the reality he is trying to convey is advanced further in his choice to keep the lines of the poem inten tionally short. In doing this, Sandburg is able to control the pace at which his reader takes in the poem, since the combination of short lines and free verse make it impossible to predict what the poet will say next, and require an attentive reading. This slow, intentional reading reflects, in a way, the slow but inevitable approach of the fog as it rolls in. Overall, while â€Å"Fog† is one of the shortest poems to be included in a canon of great poetic works, the strength of its imagery and the fascinating use of poetic techniques which the artist employs ensure that it does indeed occupy a rightful place there. Sandburg’s use of naturalistic imagery to convey his idea is a testament to his natural power of his artistry; as Harriet Monroe writes, â€Å"His book [of poems], whether you like it or not, whether you call it poetry or not, is fundamental in the same majestic sense it is a man speaking with his own voice, authoritatively like any other force of nature.†[5] The really shocking element of Sandburg’s artistry, however, lies in his uncanny ability to capture a single moment that of the fog as it floats fleetingly through the city and over the water. In this, he not only establishes himself as a fine example of the Imagist school of poetry, but also solidifies his place as one of the greatest poetic i maginations of our time. [1] Harriet Monroe, â€Å"Carl Sandberg† in The Poetry Foundation, September 1924, 321 [2] Monroe, 321 [3] William Harmon, ed., The Top 500 Poems. Columbia University Press, New York, 1992, 914. [4] Monroe, 321 [5] Ibid.

Definition and Examples of Invective in English

Lgbt And Indi Diversity - 2109 Words

LGBT and India Throughout India, diversity is embraced and accepted in many forms. It emerges from differences in nationality, ethnicity, religion, region, language, physical ability, sexual orientation and many other differing views and attributions among the population. While diversity can be determined from birth, it can also be determined by the social constructs a person grows up with or around. Diversity has many positive consequences, but diversity also isn’t without negative consequences. One of the most diverse cultures in India includes its’ LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer) community. This area of diversity in particularly isn’t without criticism, and faces many negative consequences such as prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination. A Look at Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination The terms prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination are often used interchangeably. Often they will be confused between one another when each word means something different entirely and with each words comes a new level of volatile beliefs. Stereotypes are widely held, but an oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or social group. They are the beliefs or expectations regarding what a certain social group is or should be like. Stereotypes also involve attributions. Stereotypes act as cognitive frameworks for organizing, interpreting, and recalling information (Kalra, Gurvinder, Bhugra, 2010). Stereotypes rely on the way one thinks, feels

Discussion On Classical Conditioning As An Explanation Of Learning Essay Example For Students

Discussion On Classical Conditioning As An Explanation Of Learning Essay We use the term classical conditioning to describe one type of associative learning in which there is no contingency between response and reinforcer. This situation resembles most closely the experiment from Pavlov in the 1920s, where he trained his dogs to associate a bell ring with a food-reward. In such experiments, the subject initially shows weak or no response to a conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. the bell), but a measurable unconditioned response (UCR, e.g. saliva production) to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS, e.g. food). In the course of the training, the CS is repeatedly presented together with the UCS; eventually the subject forms an association between the US and the CS. In a subsequent test-phase, the subject will show the conditioned response (CR, e.g. saliva production) to the CS alone, if such an association has been established and memorized. Such Pavlovian conditioning is opposed to instrumental or operant, where producing a CR controls the UCS presentations. Therefore, classical conditioning involves learning by association where you simply learn by associating two events that often occur together. Conditioning, in general occurs more rapidly when the conditioned stimulus in unfamiliar rather than familiar. High order conditioning is when a CS can be used to produce a response from another neutral stimulus (can evoke CS). There are a couple of different orders or levels. Taking Pavlov’s dogs as an example, where light is paired with food. The food is a US since it produces a response without any prior learning. Then, when food is paired with a neutral stimulus (light) it becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) the dog begins to respond (salivate) to the light without the presentation of the food. One of the principles of classical conditioning is extinction. If a CS is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the CR will disappear. In Pavlov’s case, if a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell with food and then the bell is rung repeatedly but no food appears, the dog will soon stop salivating to the bell. Another principle to classical conditioning is the spontaneous recovery. Supposing that a response is classically conditioned then extinguished. If a few hours or days later, the CS is presented again, the CR will probably reappear. As spontaneous recovery is a term used for this temporary return of an extinguished response after a delay. Thus, the elimination of a conditioned response usually requires more than one extinction lesson. Pavlov’s dog who was conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell of one tone may well salivate to a similar sounding bell or a buzzer. Stimulus generalisation is the extension of the conditioned response fr om the original stimulus to a similar stimuli. The conditioned response to a similar stimulus is not as strong as the response to the original stimulus; the less similar the weaker the response. An animal or person can be taught to ‘choose’ between stimuli, that is to discriminate stimuli. For example, is a dog is shown a red circle everytime he is fed, then he will salivate at the sight of the red circle alone. However, the dog will usually generalise this response to that they may respond to circles of other colours. If we only feed the dog when it sees a red circle but not an orange one, then it will soon learn to respond to red but not orange. The dog would have learnt to discriminate between the two colours. Relating this to humans, we discriminate consistently, relying on everyday life. Such as knowing someone’s voice. John Watson and Rayner conditioned a baby (Albert) to be afraid of a white rabbit by showing Albert the rabbit and then slamming two metal pipes together behind Alberts head. The pipes produced a very loud, sudden noise that frightened Albert and made him cry. Watson did this several times (multiple trials) until Albert was afraid of the rabbit. Previously he would pet the rabbit and play with it. After conditioning, the sight of the rabbit made Albert scream then what Watson found was that Albert began to show similar terrified behaviours to Watsons face. What Watson realized was that Albert was responding to the white beard Watson had at the time. So, the fear evoked by the white, furry, rabbit had generalized to other white, furry things, like Watsons beard. In Poems The Man He Killed, Reconciliation, an EssayOperant conditioning can be defined as a type of learning in which voluntary (controllable, non-reflexive) behaviour if it is strengthened or weakened if it is punished (or not reinforced). Thorndike introduced the law of effect. This is where a response that is followed by pleasant consequences becomes more probable and a response that is followed by unfavourable consequences becomes less probable. Skinner based his work on Thorndike’s Law of Effect. He developed machines for operant conditioning, which are named ‘Skinner boxes. Rats and pigeons are most often used. In one experiment, when he placed a rat in a Skinner box, it had to press a lever to receive food, and thus obtain reinforcement in the form of food. The rat will then press the lever more often and this has become a conditioned response. Skinner expressed Thorndike’s law of effect in different terms involving reinforcement. â€Å"Behaviour which is reinforced tends to be repeated. Behaviour, which is not reinforced, tends to be extinguished†. Punishment is anything that decreases the probability that the event proceeding will occur again. Therefore, punishment is the opposite of reinforcement. The main point to punishment is that all reinforcement increases a behaviour, and all punishment decreases it. Skinner’s work has revealed that positive reinforcement (e.g. food, warmth, drin k) is far more effective than the punishment in regulating behaviour. Punishment has its problems therefore, as both punishment and negative reinforcement may take the subject hostile, fearful and anxious. These emotional side-effects may then generalise to the entire situation in which punishment occurs; the location, the person administering the punishment, the circumstances may all elicit anxious, fearful and angry responses through classical conditioning. This can create more problems than it solves. Punishment also indicates that a particular response is wrong, and doesnt indicate what action should be done correctly. A young toddler could still be clueless about how to use the potty, and still be smacked for messing himself. Adding to this, it can be in human nature to overreact to a response, such as shouting, physical violence. The recipient may see that the punishment would still not have its clarity to why the response was wrong. Punishment often has the opposite effect of that desired because it may involve a powerful reward in the form of attention. This is a particular problem in the classroom, as some children misbehave in order to receive extra attention from the teacher, rather than from the quieter students who behave appropriately in a classroom. Social learning theory is about learning by observation and imitation of others and by imagining what would happen if that behaviour were imitated. Social Learning Theory was formulated by Bandura. Unlike Watson, Skinner and any other behaviourists, social learning theorists concentrate mainly on human learning, especially the acquisition of social and moral behaviour. It is not that people act and copy everyone they see or every act they witness. Bandura has laid down the specific circumstances under which imitation occurs. Unlike the behaviourists, there is no scientific approach of the ‘cause and effect’ of learning, it is by learning through imitation and what motivates us would be the attraction of success, such as our media heroes or heroines, the same-sex parents and same-sex peers. The model that individuals imitate are likely to be attractive, successful, high status people, people who are similar to ourselves and with whom we are familiar. The social learning theorists take account of the cognitive aspects of learning. The emphasis on cognition is shown in other aspects of the theory. Bandura points out, that as children grow older they begin to guide their own behaviour rather than using others for guidance and they begin to reward and punish themselves. Children can also start believing on their characteristics and own abilities. Low expectations effect the way an individuals approach a task and this in turn affects performance. Psychology Essays

Two great speeches Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States Essay Example

Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States Essay What do Ain’t I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States by the President of the Southern Confederacy tell us about the divisions between people in United States during the 1860s? The 1860s were a tumultuous time in the history of the United States. Public discourse and debate centered on the economic, cultural and political divisions between the northern and southern states of the union. The two speeches in question were delivered in the context of an impending military implosion between the two sides. The speech titled Ain’t I a Woman was spontaneously delivered by Sojourner Truth – a slave woman from New York State – on 29th May, 1851. She makes a passionate appeal in her speech towards all Americans, to make a case for racial and gender equality for all black women. She implores the audience to think about the privileges and comforts enjoyed by white women and men that are not extended for blacks. When the speech got wider recognition during the Civil War, it caught the imagination of the general public and has since remained a classic piece of oratory. The rhetorical devices used by Sojourner Truth illustrate the condition of b lacks in the country. By using poetic language, her oration captures the essence of inequalities beween the sexes and the races that existed during the Civil War. For example, We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it.† (Truth, 1851) In contrast, the speech by Jefferson Davis titled ‘Address to the People of the Free States’ was given in his capacity as the President of the Southern Confederacy on 5th January, 1863. In this speech, he condemns some of the decisions taken by Northern leaders, including Abraham Lincoln, for seeking the co-operation of blacks as well as promising them freedom if the campaign succeeds. As a counter response to Lincoln’s generous promises, Davis showed some reactionary tendencies as he relegated free blacks in the South to slave-hood again. He also declared that any black Union soldiers captured during the course of the war would be imposed chattel status as would any black American taken prisoner. His address was full of vitriol and spite as he went as far as to praise the virtues of a slave society. He justified this assessment by claiming that blacks are an inferior race and their proper role in American society is to serve the interests of the white man. The terrifying tone of the address perhaps indicates desperation in the Confederates’ cause, as they suffered critical defeats at the time this speech was delivered. What Jefferson Davis’ speech undeniably reinforces is the deep-rooted prejudice and discrimination against African Americans. Sojourner Truth’s speech, on the other hand, is an effort to bring emancipation for blacks, especially women. Hence, the two speeches in discussion present opposing viewpoints on what the status of blacks should be. Both of them also represent the two camps in American politics during the time of the Civil War – those who are in support of granting blacks their freedom and those who are opposed to it. Works Cited: Jefferson Davis (President of the Southern Confederacy), An Address to the People of the Free States, delivered on 5th January, 1863, retrieved from Sojourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman?, delivered 29th May, 1851, retrieved from Grace Hong’s essay titled ‘The Possessive Individual and Social Death: The Complex Bind of National Subjectivity’ offers numerous insights into historical social constructs. Focusing on the evolution of American history since the time of the Declaration of Independence, the author charts a cogent description of how the socio-polity resisted progressive changes. The book is focused on women of color feminism and the culture of immigrant labor. But prior to arriving at their specific discourse, a broader framework of understanding is laid out. Hereby, two important terms are introduced by the author. Possessive individual traces its origins to the framing of the constitution, whereby, only the propertied white males of the new country were accorded citizenship. Not only were blacks (who were slaves at the time) were excluded, but so were women and a large section of white male population. The privileged minority of propertied white men enjoyed laws that .

Biography of Black Bart Roberts, Successful Pirate

Biography of 'Black Bart' Roberts, Successful Pirate Bartholomew Black Bart Roberts (1682–Feb. 10, 1722) was a Welsh pirate and the most successful buccaneer of the so-called Golden Age of Piracy, capturing and looting more ships than contemporaries such as Blackbeard, Edward Low, Jack Rackham, and Francis Spriggs combined. At the height of his power, he had a fleet of four ships and hundreds of pirates to go with his organizational skills, charisma, and daring. He was killed in action by pirate hunters off the African coast in 1722. Fast Facts: Bartholomew Roberts Famous For: Highly successful pirateAlso Known As: Black Bart, JohnBorn: 1682 near  Haverfordwest, WalesDied: Feb. 10, 1722 off the Guinea coast Early Life Little is known of Roberts early life, other than that he was born near  Haverfordwest, Wales in 1682 and his real first name was possibly John. He took to sea at a young age, proving himself a competent sailor, as by 1719 he was second mate on the slave ship Princess. The Princess went to Anomabu, in present-day Ghana, to pick up slaves in mid-1719. That June, the Princess was captured by Welsh pirate Howell Davis, who forced several crew members, including Roberts, to join his band. Only six weeks after Black Bart was forced to join the crew, Davis was killed. The crew took a vote, and Roberts was named the new captain. Although he was a reluctant pirate, Roberts embraced the role of captain. According to contemporary historian Capt. Charles Johnson (who might have been Daniel Defoe), Roberts felt that if he must be a pirate, it was better being a commander than a common man. His first act was to attack the town where Davis had been killed in order to avenge his former captain. Rich Haul Roberts and his crew headed for the coast of South America to look for booty. After several weeks they found a treasure fleet bound for Portugal getting ready in All Saints Bay off northern Brazil. Waiting nearby were 42 ships and their escorts, two massive men-of-war with 70 guns each. Roberts sailed into the bay as if he were part of the convoy and took one of the ships without anyone noticing. He had the ships master point out the richest ship at anchor, then sailed up and attacked. Roberts captured the ship and both vessels sailed away; the escort ships couldnt catch them. Double-Crossed Soon after, while Roberts was chasing another prize, some of his men, led by Walter Kennedy, made off with the treasure ship and most of the loot. Roberts was infuriated. The remaining pirates devised a set of articles and made newcomers swear to them. They included payments for those injured in battle and punishments for those who stole, deserted, or committed other crimes. The articles excluded Irishmen from becoming full members of the crew, most likely because of Kennedy, who was Irish. Overwhelming Ships Roberts quickly added weapons and men to reach his former strength. When authorities in Barbados learned that he was nearby, they outfitted two pirate hunter ships to bring him in. Roberts saw one of the ships and, not knowing it was a heavily armed pirate-hunter, tried to take it. The other ship opened fire and Roberts was forced to flee. After that, Roberts was always harsh to captured ships from Barbados. Roberts and his men made their way north to Newfoundland in June 1720 and found 22 ships in the harbor. The crews and townspeople fled at the sight of the pirates flag. Roberts and his men looted the ships, destroying and sinking all but one, which they commandeered. They then sailed out to the banks, finding several French ships and keeping one. With this small fleet, Roberts and his men captured many more prizes in the area that summer. They then returned to the Caribbean, where they captured dozens of vessels. They changed ships often, selecting the best vessels and outfitting them for piracy. Roberts flagship was usually renamed  Royal Fortune, and he would often have fleets of three or four ships. He began calling himself the Admiral of the Leeward Islands. He was sought out by two ships of would-be pirates looking for pointers; he gave them advice, ammunition, and weapons. Roberts Flags Four flags are associated with Roberts. According to Johnson, when Roberts sailed to Africa, he had a black flag bearing a skeleton, representing death, that held an hourglass in one hand and crossbones in the other. Nearby were a spear and three drops of blood. Another Roberts flag  also was black, with a white figure, representing Roberts, holding a flaming sword and standing on two skulls. Beneath them was written ABH and AMH, standing for A Barbadian Head and A Martinicos Head. Roberts hated the governors of Barbados and Martinique for sending  pirate hunters  after him and was always cruel to ships from either place. When Roberts was killed, according to Johnson, his flag featured a skeleton and a man with a flaming sword, signifying defiance of death. The flag most commonly associated with Roberts  was black and displayed a pirate and a skeleton holding an hourglass between them. Deserters Roberts often faced discipline problems. In early 1721, Roberts killed one crew member in a brawl and was attacked later by one of that mans friends. This caused a division among the already disgruntled crew. One faction wanted out, convincing the captain of one of Roberts ships, Thomas Anstis, to desert Roberts. They did, setting out on their own in April 1721. Anstis proved to be an unsuccessful pirate. Meanwhile, the Caribbean had become too dangerous for Roberts, who headed for Africa. Africa Roberts neared Senegal in June 1721  and began raiding shipping along the coast. He anchored at Sierra Leone, where he heard that two Royal Navy ships, the  Swallow  and the  Weymouth, had been in the area but had left a month before. They took the  Onslow, a massive frigate, renamed her the  Royal Fortune,  and mounted 40 cannons. With a fleet of four ships and at the height of his strength, he could attack anyone with impunity. For the next few months, Roberts took dozens of prizes. Each pirate began amassing a small fortune. Cruelty In January 1722, Roberts showed his cruelty. He was sailing off Whydah, a well-known slaving area, and found a  slave ship, the  Porcupine, at anchor. The captain was ashore. Roberts took the ship and demanded a ransom from the captain, who refused to deal with pirates. Roberts ordered the Porcupine burned, but his men didnt release the slaves on board. Johnson describes the slaves miserable choice of perishing by fire or water, writing that those who jumped overboard were seized by sharks and tore limb from limb alive ... A cruelty unparalelld! Beginning of the End In February 1722, Roberts was repairing his ship when a large vessel approached. It turned to flee, so Roberts sent his consort vessel, the  Great Ranger, to capture it. The other ship was actually the  Swallow, a large man-of-war that had been looking for them under the command of Capt. Challoner Ogle. Once they were out of Roberts sight, the Swallow  turned and attacked the  Great Ranger. After a two-hour battle, the  Great Ranger  was crippled and her remaining crew surrendered. Ogle sent the  Great Ranger  limping away with the pirates in chains and went back for Roberts. Final Battle The  Swallow  returned on Feb. 10 to find the  Royal Fortune  still at anchor. Two other ships were there: a tender to the  Royal Fortune  and a trading vessel, the  Neptune. One of Roberts men had served on the  Swallow  and recognized it. Some men wanted to flee, but Roberts decided to fight. They sailed out to meet the  Swallow. Roberts was killed in the first broadside as grapeshot fired from one of the  Swallows cannons tore out his throat. Obeying his standing order, his men threw his body overboard. Without Roberts, the pirates lost heart and within an hour they surrendered. One hundred and fifty-two pirates were arrested. The  Neptune  had vanished, but not before looting the abandoned smaller  pirate ship. Ogle set sail for Cape Coast Castle on Africas west coast. A trial was held at  Cape Coast Castle. Of the 152 pirates, 52 Africans were sold back into slavery, 54 were hanged, and 37 were sentenced to serve as indentured servants and sent to the West Indies. Those who could prove they had been forced to join the crew against their will were acquitted. Legacy Black Bart Roberts was the greatest pirate of his generation: it is estimated that he took 400 ships during his three-year career. He isnt as famous as some contemporaries, such as Blackbeard,  Stede Bonnet,  or  Charles Vane, but he was a much better pirate. His nickname seems to have come from his dark hair and complexion instead of a cruel nature, although he could be as ruthless as any contemporary. Roberts owed his success to many factors, including his charisma and leadership, his daring and ruthlessness, and his ability to coordinate small fleets to maximum effect. Wherever he was, commerce came to a halt; fear of him and his men made merchants stay in port. Roberts is a favorite of true pirate buffs. He was mentioned in  Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island. Iin the movie The Princess Bride, the name Dread Pirate Roberts refers to him. He often appears in pirate video games and has been the subject of novels, histories, and movies. Sources Cordingly, David. .Under the Black Flag  Random House, 1996.Johnson, Capt. Charles (Defoe, Daniel?). A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus.  The World Atlas of Pirates.  Lyons Press, 2009.Bartholomew Roberts: Welsh Pirate. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Promotion - Research Paper Example Promotions always play a vital role for every organization. It is a way to communicate to the buyers about product and product policies. Through this, the buyers get an idea about product and its value to them. In others words, it provide information about product to the buyers. Promotion includes lots activities which aid to share knowledge about product and its policies to the buyer. Such activities are advertising, media communication, sponsorship, sales force and lots more. It is a major airline carrier in U.S.A. Headquarter of American Airline is in Fort Worth, Texas. It has huge network of domestic and international. The flights are schedule throughout U.S.A, Europe, the Caribbean and Asia. Promotion objectives for any organization are same. Promotion of product or service is done only to raise the sale of it in market. Others objectives are information about product or service to the buyers and its good features. The main objectives of American airline are to increase in sales and retention of customers. This is done through with good promotion activity, where they provide information about their services and features. They promote themselves with help of communication channels in large number. The communication channels are news releases (in this they tell about their financial reports, their new strategies), press kits (used to tell about their features and technology), multimedia library (eg. Television advertising, mms clips) and social media (eg. facebook, tweeter, LinkedIn, Google +, YouTube, instagram and lots more) The way of promotion is very unique, which attract the buyers. Even though, they have launched loyalty program for frequent flyer which is also attracting strategy of promotion. According to the Corporate Responsibility Report, The American Airline has done good work in social and economic aspects, which gives a good footprint into market. Delta Air Line, a big name in this

The Persuading Argument on the Other Face of Globalization Essay

The Persuading Argument on the Other Face of Globalization - Essay Example Deb returns in India as a journalist working in The Guardian. This book explores the New India and meets new individuals such as Arindam Chaudhuri, Esther, and the farmer. During his travel, he exposes the contradictions in the projection of New India and the real world. The author aims to project the deception that globalization creates in terms of its declaration of massive wealth, but secretly repels the class inequalities. Globalization impacts not only the cultural identity of Indians, but it also aggravates the social condition of the poor. The main thrust of this paper is to argue that the story is convincing because of the logical reasoning presented, accountability of the author, and appeal to emotions. Logical Reasoning Persuasive writing includes an appeal based on logic or reason. Logical writing tends to persuade readers to agree with the viewpoint of a writer. The book of Siddhartha Deb has logical reason because of the utilization of facts and observation to support hi s views that India is creating an illusion with the advent of globalization. According to Glenn and Gray, the method of â€Å"using a number of specific facts or observations† is called inductive reasoning wherein the writer formulates a reasonable judgment (126). Furthermore, logical reasoning comprises of the gathering of stories from different persons he met while travelling in the subcontinents of India, factual evidence based on its observation through defining it in a descriptive text and statistics. The description provided allows the connection of the narrator and readers through drawing an image of the working condition in India. The narrator’s description to the workers: â€Å"The men †¦ were infernal creatures, rags wrapped around their faces to protect themselves from the heat, inevitably dwarfed by the extremity of the place, with everything so large, so fast and so hot† (Deb, qtd. in Subramanian). Moreover, the balance in the story is achieved because Deb does not only focus on the poor individuals, which desire to be rich because of the promise of progress in New Delhi, but the subject of his story is a rich man who owns large business establishments. The description of the author to the steel workers in New Delhi depicts the miniscule in comparison with the gentrification of the city. Thus, the buildings are too immense, which signifies a progressive city. Along with gentrification is the lost of cultural identity of Indians, due to the invasion of the West. The invasion happens because the author has observed the modern buildings, products, and dress code. The traditional services and products are nowhere to be found. It means that the contemporary India is changing to a globalized India, but the labor condition remains the same. Deb supported his logical reasoning through a statistics that implies the income inequality among Indian workers. The Kirkus Reviews on The Beautiful and the Damned stressed the factual evide nce of Deb about the â€Å"total number of people in India consuming less than 20 rupees a day was 836 million - or 77 percent of the population.† This statistics proves the condition of Indian workers, which contradicts the wealth projected by the government. Abelson iterates that statistics is often used to support an argument and to prove its reliability and validity; however, it is also misleading (1+). Statistics is supposed to create credibility, which depends on the author’

Nissim Ezekiel Treatment of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Nissim Ezekiel Treatment of Poetry Essay Nissim Ezekiel’s poem Enterprise describes a metaphorical journey toward a specific goal. The travelers on this journey begin in a real physical place, a desert, and argue about how to cross this challenging landscape. One of the members of the group, who writes the most stylish prose, goes his own way. The rest of the group is left on its own. Some quit the team. The group is attacked by travelers, and over time become unmoved by anything they witness. Fatigue and the stresses of travel have settled in and many of the members of the group cannot go on. By the fifth stanza, the picture ahead is grim. The enthusiasm has faded and their burdens are heavy. Their vision is clouded with the disintegration of the group and their exhaustion. The well-focused goal presented in the first stanza is lost. The travelers are a disorganized group of aimless wanderers unaware any longer of the original motivation for their expedition. Their observations at this point in the poem are about trivial things. In the last stanza, the travelers reach their destination; however, it is not quite home. Ezekiel concludes that this type of expedition is not a worthy undertaking; living â€Å"at home† with inner satisfaction is the greatest achievement of all. The travelers’ consider their journey and have moments of introspection. They come to the conclusion that their expedition has been neither pioneering or notable for any reason. They had thought their journey would make a mark in history. The only problem is that others have made this journey before. It is nothing new. The journey of â€Å"Enterprise† is a metaphor for life and our focus on the destination as the only means for our goals. Some critics have noted that Ezekiel’s â€Å"Enterprise† is also his attempt to bring together two â€Å"homes†: his place of birth and his journey to a European city. His exploration of the idea of â€Å"home† is sophisticated enough to be compared to the same themes in the poetry of Robert Frost, for example.

From India with Love for Internal Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

From India with Love for Internal Medicine My early years were spent in a small farm in India. My parents had never been to school but were a source of inspiration to me and inculcated a sense of hard work and discipline. I studied in one of the most prestigious schools in the country and spent most of my life in boarding school. On the basis of my academic performance, the government of India sent me to USSR for medical studies .The respect in society; sacrifice of a doctor and making a contribution to the world has inspired me to become a doctor. Medical school was an exciting, challenging and enjoyable with exchange of cultural experiences while studying with students of 25 different countries. I stood first in the university and was awarded M.D. degree with Honors. I was selected as "The best graduating student" for 1996. With hard work I was able to get distinctions in all the subjects. During Internship I was awarded a certificate of appreciation by Minster of health for services rendered during a community project on prevention of cardio-vascular disease. Break up of USSR was a difficult time for all but in this period of adversity I developed remarkable resilience and maturity. Spending 9 months in U.K. and observing the British medical system and having traveled all over Europe and Scandinavia has enhanced my communication skills. Sports and being a captain of volleyball team and the president in school has taught me mind and body control, the need for careful planning and how to both rely on team members and to get the best of myself. In medical school I found that hard work was not a burden but a pleasure. I felt at home in the hospital. After school hours I would go to district hospital, Odessa and work in accident and emergency department. I keenly participated in medical conferences throughout medical school to know more about the ever-changing medicine. I believe I can weather both the mental and physical challenges and that my avocations of weight lifting and long distance running will give me the stamina for the common night shifts in residency.

Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst

Key Aspects of Surrealism Inaugurated by Max Ernst Amrit Johal, 301102319 FPA 111: D109 (Anna-Marie) Research Essay, Fall 2010 Max Ernst, an inventive artist and one of the pioneers of the Surrealist movement, was able to project the ideas of Surrealism to his audience in a very efficient manner. Surrealism is a discipline, which allows one to think like a child and create art that brings you to a dream-like state.Ernst was able to accomplish this by creating images one can only imagine seeing in a dream, such as his ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. As well as by piecing things together which would not typically be put together (collages), such as his Oedipus Rex. Ernst’s work, Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937), are crucial works of art for the Surrealist movement and  inaugurated many of the important characteristics associated with Surrealist art. Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that emerged in 1924 in the hand s of Andre Breton.Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility. Breton defines Surrealism as a â€Å"psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express – verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner – the actual reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). It is meant to bring the viewer to a dream like state, where a sense of freedom can be achieved, as it would in childhood.Breton said that â€Å"the mind which plunges into Surrealism relives with glowing excitement the best part of its childhood†¦[it is] childhood where everything nevertheless conspires to bring about the effective, risk-free possession of oneself† (Breton in Harrison, 2003, pg. 452). He says that it is Surrealism that gives you a second chance to be like a child, it is another opportunity. Although Surrealism, in a s ense, emerged from Dada, the two practices are different in many ways. Dada took an anti-art stance, avoiding repetition and therefore the creation of a style.Although it did not seek a common style, Surrealism, however, had none of the nihilism of the earlier movement but was concerned with a redefinition of painting, with transgression rather than proscription (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 11). Crevel describes Surrealism beautifully as being â€Å"for the mind a truly magnificent and almost unhoped for victory, to possess [a] new liberty, [a] leaping of the imagination [†¦] smashing the bars of reason’s cage, and bird that it is, obedient to the voice of the wind† (Crevel in Spalding, 1979, pg. 28).For Ernst, â€Å"the fundamental opposition between meditation and action coincides with the fundamental separation between the outer and inner worlds† (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). It is here, Ernst believes, that the universal significance of Surr ealism lies, and that no part in life is closed to it (Ernst in Hofmann et al, 1973, pg. 23). Ernst’s art showcased his fascination with Surrealism through his many great works of art including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer. Max Ernst Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet.A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. He was born in Bruhl, Germany. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned these courses to pursue his interest in art. In 1913 he met Guillaume Apollinaire and Robert Delaunay and traveled to the Montparnasse Quarter in Paris, France where a gathering of artists from around the globe was taking place. In 1919 he visited Paul Klee and created his first paintings, block prints and collages, and experimented with mixed media.During World War I he served in the German army and after the war, filled with new ideas, Max Ernst, Jean Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald, formed the Cologne, Germany Dada group. Constantly experimenting, in 1925 he invented frottage, a technique using pencil rubbings of objects. Following the outbreak of World War II, Max Ernst was detained as an enemy alien but with the assistance of the American journalist Varian Fry in Marseille, he managed to escape the country with Peggy Guggenheim. They arrived in the United States in 1941.Living in New York City, along with Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall, fellow avant-garde painters who had fled the War in Europe, Max Ernst helped inspire the use of Abstract expressionism among American painters (Camfield, 1993). Ernst turned away from the idea of the artist as creator as well as from the myth of ‘artistic talent. ’ For Ernst, the artist is only indirectly responsible for the creation of the work of art: â€Å"The old view of ‘talent’ [†¦] has been thrown out, just as the adoration of the hero [â₠¬ ¦] has been thrown out† (Spies, 2006, pg. 27). A sense of humor permeates his canvases and collages, none more so than in his renditions of natural phenomena. Interested in plants and in their life cycles, he permits his sense of the mythical to prevail. Trees gods, spirits and fantastic animals are everywhere in his canvases†(Stern, 2009).Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex was one of Ernst’s first paintings in which he was able to successfully transfer the techniques of combination, assemblage and collage to large-scale painting. The picture is given the impression of a collage by the use of hard outlines and the dry appearance of the paint (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 3). Gimferrer notes that Ernst was able to expound the conception, mechanics and techniques of collage. His collages were able to sustain the principle of the union of two dissociated situations in the strictly Dadaist or Surrealist manner. This technique seems to stem from Max Ernst and is â€Å"applied to the ve ry nucleus of consciousness [and] to the notion of personal identity† (Gimferrer, 1983, pg. 5-6). The spatial situation of Oedipus Rex is, to some extent, unclear due to the initial context of the picture. Here objects differing in scale are arranged in a setting indicated by architectonic elements.A device for marking chicks is pierced through a hand extended through a window and through the nut it is holding. The nut, which has been cracked open, resembles an eye, bringing to mind Luis Bunuel’s film Un Chien Andalou. Two birds are to be seen looking out of a hole in the stage in the foreground, prevented from withdrawing their head by palings and length of string (or halter) tied to the horns of one of them (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Bischoff claims, â€Å"the desire for forbidden fruit (indicated by the hand which has reached for the nut) and curiosity (for the birds have put their head through the opening in rder to see something) are immediately punished† (Bi schoff, 2003, pg. 23). Schneede, on the other hand, understands Oedipus Rex as being â€Å"held in check by a halter [†¦] and by palings. † He says that â€Å"living creatures exist [†¦] in a rigid state of suspended animation [and that] the saw cleaves no trace of cut marks behind† (Schneede, 1972, pg. 50). Moreover, Schneede agrees with Bischoff, in that the cleaved nut resembles an eye, anticipating the opening sequence of Bunuel’s film, Un Chien Andalou.There are numerous allusions to the Oedipus legend of classical antiquity, says Bischoff, a myth, which has retained its validity throughout the history of mankind, for the motifs of vision, blindness and piercing, are all present (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 23). Although there are many understandings of this work of art, it can still be difficult to understand the meaning of it to the extent the Ernst had intended. For Spies, pictures such as Oedipus Rex compel us to search in vain for some key that might help us to explain them. And that in doing so, we get no closer to the meaning.He goes on to say that â€Å"it is important to recognize that even precise knowledge of the sources Ernst made use of for his collages and paintings does not help us understand them, for he cut away and obscured the meaning of the original image in the course of making his own work† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 4). L’ange du Foyer Max Ernst’s L’ange du Foyer is another one of his ground breaking pieces in which a â€Å"gigantic bird-like or dragon-like creature [is] launching into a terrible jump over a plain† (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 60). The smaller secondary figure is trying to hold the monster back.The painting projects a vivid sense of danger and total destructiveness. â€Å"The monster’s violent nature is perfectly clear from its menacing claws, its fluttering garments in glowing colours, its expansive gestures, with its raised left hand making some kind of magical sign, and it’s enraged stomping in front of a low-lying horizon† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 28). The gesture of the outstretched arms is more expansive but does not seem so menacing, inasmuch as it does not threaten to burst the boundaries of the picture. The monster appears not to be acting so much as reacting to something.A number of details that Rewald pointed out are as follows: â€Å"On the creatures right foot in the Munich picture is a house slipper – an allusion to the title L’ange du Foyer (Fire Side Angle), whereas in the large canvas it is a horses hoof, suggesting the devil. His right hand, lacking the long claws of the other beast, still has some resemblance to human anatomy. His left arm, by contrast, appears to dissolve into vegetable forms. The fluttering drapery on this arm can be interpreted as an object: it calls to mind a blood red executioners ax. And the monster’s grimace is hideously repulsive.Thus, terror is not entirely banished from the smaller picture† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Attached to an arm and a leg of the beast in the painting is a small, no less monstrous creature that seems more amphibian. Rewald describes the creature as having a â€Å"gaping birds beak and long frog legs,† she says that â€Å"it combines irreconcilable elements [of] air and water† (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). In addition, the obviously female creature exudes a crude eroticism: her thick thighs are spread far apart, exposing a button-like sex organ.And according to Rewald, it is impossible to overlook her obscene gesture, which has infuriated the trampling beast and caused him to leap so high (Rewald & Spies, 2005, pg. 29). Despite the individual differences, says Bischoff, all the themes and subjects of Max Ernst’s work had a political dimension (Bischoff, 2003, pg. 57), none more so than his L’ange du Foyer. This painting consisted of three versions, ca lled the ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ series. The ‘Angel of Heart and Home’ is an ironic title, Ernst says, for a kind of â€Å"juggernaut, which crushes and destroys all that comes in its path.That was my impression at the time of what would probably happen in the world, and I was right (about WWII)† (Ernst in Schneede, 1972, pg. 154). The monster is seen as being driven solely by an instinct for power, he represents a variety of governmental, military, and ecclesiastical authorities, crushing and killing everything that stands in his way, especially women. In 1938, Ernst gave the picture, for a time, the title ‘The Triumph of Surrealism,’ â€Å"a despairing reference to the fact that the Surrealists with their Communist ideas had been unable to do anything to resist Fascism† (Schneed, 1972, pg. 54). Ernst’s additions to Surrealism Max Ernst, a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism has, through his art, brought us to a dream-like state time and time again. Surrealism is meant to bring us to our inner child, and exercise our imaginations. In practicing this discipline, Ernst was able to eliminate the notion of artist as creator as well as the idea of ‘artistic talent. ’ Through experimentation and his skillfulness, he was able to deliver us many great works of art, including Oedipus Rex and L’ange du Foyer.Oedipus Rex was the first time Ernst was able to transfer the technique of collage to a large-scale painting, and through this work he permeated the idea that the desire for the ‘forbidden fruit’ or curiosity is, many times, immediately punished (Bischoff, 2003). With L’ange du Foyer, Ernst deliberately made a reference to war, projecting a vivid sense of danger and destructiveness. He was able to bring his ideas on war to a surreal, phantasmagorical state. Oedipus Rex(1922) and L’ange du Foyer(1937) are a couple of the most important additio ns to the Surrealist movement. Ernst, through these works, was able to establish many significant elements linked to Surrealism including the use of collage and bringing the audience to a dream like state with his overtly spine-chilling creations.References Bischoff, U. (2003). Max Ernst : 1891-1976 Beyond Painting. (J. Harrison, Trans. ) Koln, Germany: Taschen. Camfield, W. A. (1993). Max Ernst: Dada and the Dawn of Surrealisn. Munich: Prestel. Gimferrer, P. (1983). Max Ernst. New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc. Harrison, C. (2003). Art in Theory 1900-2000. US: Wiley-Blackwell. Hofmann, W. , Schmied, W. & Spies, W. (1973). Max Ernst, Inside the Sight. Houton, Texas: Institute for the Arts, Rice University. Rewald, S. , & Spies, W. (2005). Max Ernst : A Retrospective. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Schneede, U. M. (1972). The essential Max Ernst. (R. W. Last, Trans. ) London: Thames and Hudson. Spalding, J. J. (1979). Max Ernst: from the Collection o f Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Ernst. Clagary, Alberta: Glenbow Museum. Spies, W. (2006). Max Ernst: Life and Work. London: Thames and Hudson. Stern, F. (2009, January). Surrealism: The Alternate Reality. CPI. Q (Canadian Periodicals) .

Cubas Achievements in Health Care and Public Education Essay

CUBA’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN PROVIDING HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC ARE BETTER THATN THOSE OF MANY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. HOW HAS IT MANAGEDTHIS? There may be some question over Fidel Castro’s achievements in providing economic success, or democracy to Cuba in the last forty five years or so. However Cuba’s record on providing egalitarian health care and education to the masses have generally been agreed as a success story, even by Castro’s old enemy the United States. â€Å"To be educated is to be free,† (Marti in Marshall, 1987, p146) has become one of the more popular revolutionary slogans and has been greatly adhered to by Castro’s government. While health care is articulated in the 1975 Cuban constitution as being â€Å"the right†¦show more content†¦Under the Batista Regime the rich and the middle class tended to send their children to the private Catholic schools while the poor had to use the badly equipped and staffed general schools, or in more rural areas nothing at all. In 1953 the illiteracy rate was 24 per cent of the population. The difference between urban areas and r ural areas showed that most of the limited resources were going to the big cities, with illiteracy rates in town being 11 per cent to 42 per cent in the country (Marshall, 1987, p146). Within two years of coming to power Castro had nationalised all private schools and started the first major education initiative, the literacy campaign. This campaign was established not just to educate the city dwellers but to prioritise education for those that had mainly been ignored in the countryside. Over a 100,000 young students travelled into the rural areas to live with and educate the peasant population. 1961 became known as the â€Å"Year of Education,† (Perez, 1995, 358) while the slogan of the day being, â€Å"If don’t know, learn. If you know, teach† (Marshall, 1987, p147). The campaign became a great success with official government figures suggesting that by 1962 96 per cent of the population was now literate which was the highest rate in Latin America at the time. Even if the official figure may have been someShow MoreRelatedEssay on Capitalism Vs. Socialism1805 Words   |  8 Pagesbenefits of health care, education, subsidized housing and pensions). Moreover economic inequalities have grown geometrically with 1% of the top income bracket controlling 80% of private assets and more than 50% of income while poverty levels exceed 50% or even higher. In the former USSR, especially south-central Asian republics like Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, living standards have fallen by 80%, almost one fourth of the population has out-migrated or become destitute and industries, public treasuriesRead MoreFidel Castro2633 Words   |  11 PagesThere are many views that people have of Cuba’s Fidel Castro. Castro is a figure with opinions on both ends of the spectrum. While he is not worldly popular at this point in his life, he was immensely beneficial to his country. Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba for the past 50 years may not be viewed in the b est light, but he did phenomenal things for his people which makes him one of the most undervalued and overlooked political figures. Fidel Castro Ruz was born in Biran, Cuba on August 13, 1926 (BritannicaRead MoreWhat Is an Optimal Level of Health Care2279 Words   |  10 PagesOptimal Model for Health Care Stephanie Fontes ECON 402—Wednesday’s Class Due Date: November 2nd, 2011 What is an optimal model for health care? This is a highly debated issue internationally. Much of the debate centers around whether health care should be treated as a type of public—good supplied by the government and funded by taxpayers. Others believe that a better system is delivered by the private sector. Another model advocates a public/private mix. This analysis will consider